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Intellectual virtues are character traits necessary for right action and correct thinking. They include: a sense of justice, perseverance, empathy, integrity, intellectual courage, confidence in reason, and autonomy. == Aristotle == Aristotle analyzed virtues into moral and intellectual virtues (or dianoetic virtues, from the Greek ''aretai dianoetikai''). In the ''Posterior Analytics'' and ''Nicomachean Ethics'' he identified five intellectual virtues as the five ways the soul arrives at truth by affirmation or denial. He grouped them into three classes: *Theoretical * *''Sophia'' - wisdom * *''Episteme'' - scientific knowledge, empirical knowledge * *''Nous'' - reason *Practical * *''Phronesis'' - practical wisdom/prudence *Productive * *''Techne'' - craft knowledge, art, skill Subjacent intellectual virtues in Aristotle: *''Euboulia'' - deliberating well, deliberative excellence; thinking properly about the right end. * ''Sunesis'' - understanding, sagacity, astuteness, consciousness of why something is as it is. For example, the understanding you have of why a situation is as it is, prior to having ''phronesis''. *''Gnomê'' - judgement and consideration; allowing us to make equitable or fair decisions. *''Deinotes'' - cleverness; the ability to carry out actions so as to achieve a goal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Intellectual virtue」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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